meta/sqlite3: fix database is locked error

[anysql]

fix #5587
Where there is active transaction, the read will report database is locked error (can be easily reproduce by mdtest). Add cache/_journal/_timeout option to get it work.

[anysql]

• ./juicefs mdtest sqlite3://test.db /bigdir --depth=1 --dirs=0 --files=10000 --threads=10 --write=8192
  2025/01/20 19:10:41.895443 juicefs[3531] : Meta address: sqlite3://test.db [[email protected]:515]
  2025/01/20 19:10:41.897027 juicefs[3531] : Data use file:///var/jfs/myjfs/ [[email protected]:207]
  2025/01/20 19:10:41.897301 juicefs[3531] : Disk cache (/var/jfsCache/e1879fad-8c73-4e66-9840-74f426209b0d/): used ratio - [space 76.5%, inode 11.5%] [newCacheStore@disk_cache.go:147]
  2025/01/20 19:10:41.901799 juicefs[3531] : Create session 2 OK with version: 1.3.0-dev+2025-01-20.232596b [[email protected]:489]
  2025/01/20 19:10:41.902268 juicefs[3531] : Prometheus metrics listening on 127.0.0.1:46303 [[email protected]:135]
  2025/01/20 19:10:41.902700 juicefs[3531] : Create 100000 files in 1 dirs [[email protected]:112]
  2025/01/20 19:10:41.908971 juicefs[3531] : Created 1 dirs in 6.230025ms (160 dirs/s) [[email protected]:127]
  2025/01/20 19:11:29.559958 juicefs[3531] : Transaction succeeded after 3 tries (15.458008ms), inodes: [1], last error: database is locked [[email protected]:930]
  2025/01/20 19:11:53.686168 juicefs[3531] : Transaction succeeded after 3 tries (15.238496ms), inodes: [1], last error: database is locked [[email protected]:930]
  2025/01/20 19:12:53.085656 juicefs[3531] : Transaction succeeded after 3 tries (16.50027ms), inodes: [1], last error: database is locked [[email protected]:930]
  2025/01/20 19:13:18.013871 juicefs[3531] : Transaction succeeded after 4 tries (18.438838ms), inodes: [1], last error: database is locked [[email protected]:930]
  2025/01/20 19:13:41.842001 juicefs[3531] : Transaction succeeded after 3 tries (16.795816ms), inodes: [1], last error: database is locked [[email protected]:930]

[anysql]

close #5587

[jiefenghuang]

some ref:
mattn/go-sqlite3#274 (comment)
mattn/go-sqlite3#274 (comment)